Kalyna Block Cipher

Kalyna is a block cipher that became a Ukrainian national standard in 2015. It supports block and key sizes of 128, 256, and 512 bits. Its structure looks like AES but optimized for 64-bit CPUs, and it has a complicated key schedule. Rounds range from 10-18, depending on block and key sizes. There is some mention of cryptanalysis on reduced-round… Continue reading Kalyna Block Cipher

SSH – If Eve has the passphrase and public key, can she derive the private key?

I have used ssh-keygen for creating an RSA 4096-bit SSH private and public key pair. I used a passphrase for the private key.
If an attacker, Eve, knows the passphrase in addition to the public key:

Can they derive the private key? – I pr… Continue reading SSH – If Eve has the passphrase and public key, can she derive the private key?

Why is it necessary to minimize redundancy in the ciphertext of a stream cipher?

I am utterly confused about this. I understand why you would want to minimize redundancy if you’re using a substitution cipher, but why is this necessary when using a stream cipher such as RC4? Since the attacker does not h… Continue reading Why is it necessary to minimize redundancy in the ciphertext of a stream cipher?

Why is it necessary to minimize redundancy in the ciphertext of a stream cipher?

I am utterly confused about this. I understand why you would want to minimize redundancy if you’re using a substitution cipher, but why is this necessary when using a stream cipher such as RC4? Since the attacker does not h… Continue reading Why is it necessary to minimize redundancy in the ciphertext of a stream cipher?

Are stronger passwords safe in case of a breach?

Passwords are not generally held by websites, instead, they hold hashes of your passwords.
When there’s a breach, these hashes are stolen and they are matched against rainbow tables of pre generated password hashes.
Is it fair to say that if your password is a genuinely secure password, like xy%5-xthrs32£ that you are still safe. Far far safer than someone with a password like Princess123 or my favourite LetMeIn.

I know the answer is that in the event of a breach, you should always change your password, I’m just trying to understand the security aspect. So, when talking to to someone with a genuinely random password – eg one generated by a good password manager – is it fair to say you are probably safe?

Continue reading Are stronger passwords safe in case of a breach?