Building an X-Ray Crystallography Machine

A plywood box with a clear plastic front is shown. Three needle gauges are visible on the front of the box, as well as a digital display, several switches, and some indicator lights. At the right of the box, a short copper tube extends from the box.

X-ray crystallography, like mass spectroscopy and nuclear spectroscopy, is an extremely useful material characterization technique that is unfortunately hard for amateurs to perform. The physical operation isn’t too complicated, however, …read more Continue reading Building an X-Ray Crystallography Machine

Kathleen Lonsdale Saw Through the Structure of Benzene

The unspoken promise of new technologies is that they will advance and enhance our picture of the world — that goes double for the ones that are specifically designed to …read more Continue reading Kathleen Lonsdale Saw Through the Structure of Benzene