How can a client safely post/get a (symmetric) client key to/from a key distribution center?

If you look at the above Kerberos protocol’s diagram, you can find that the protocol works on the basis that the (symmetric) client key initially exists on both the client node and the key distribution center.
Then, the question is, how c… Continue reading How can a client safely post/get a (symmetric) client key to/from a key distribution center?

How does Tor’s second node know the key to decrypt the second layer?

I was watching this video explaining how tor works: https://youtu.be/QRYzre4bf7I
It explains it with the example of 3 intermediate nodes between client and server. It says that each of the nodes can only decrypt one layer and therefore onl… Continue reading How does Tor’s second node know the key to decrypt the second layer?