Are these bash lines (handling untrusted user input) vulnerable to command injection?

If $1 contains untrusted user input for example $(whoami). Are any of the following bash examples vulnerable to command injection?
I’m having issues clearly understanding this behavior in Bash. Also, I have issues with echo -n "$1&quo… Continue reading Are these bash lines (handling untrusted user input) vulnerable to command injection?

How does hex-encoded prompt injection work to bypass protections in LLMs (i.e. ChatGPT)?

Recent reports describe how a new prompt injection technique uses hex encoding to bypass the internal content moderation safeguards in language models like ChatGPT-4o, allowing them to generate exploit code. This technique reportedly disgu… Continue reading How does hex-encoded prompt injection work to bypass protections in LLMs (i.e. ChatGPT)?

WordPress Site Hacked to redirect stripe.js offsite for credit card skimming – Can’t Find The Source

We are experiencing an issue on our WordPress site running WooCommerce, for the second time this year where a hacker is injecting some kind of script that is redirecting the stripe.js code from it’s native location at stripe to an offsite … Continue reading WordPress Site Hacked to redirect stripe.js offsite for credit card skimming – Can’t Find The Source

My hosting has no content, but shows error – requested an insecure script ‘http://cdn.jsinit.directfwd.com/sk-jspark_init.php

I have recently bought a hosting and hosted my php site, but after hosting site was not loading and showing a round loading image. I thought my files were infected, so I checked on console and I got this error – mixed content error, reques… Continue reading My hosting has no content, but shows error – requested an insecure script ‘http://cdn.jsinit.directfwd.com/sk-jspark_init.php

Command Injection in URLs. Are response codes foolproof indicator of true/false positive?

Take this HTTP request as an example.
GET /directory/blahblah/ping%20interact.sh
Say this request receives any 3xx, 4xx, 5xx HTTP response code. Is it likely or even possible that a backend web server process this request and pings interac… Continue reading Command Injection in URLs. Are response codes foolproof indicator of true/false positive?