In Return-Oriented Programming how can the machine execute unaligned instructions?

I am reading “The Geometry of Innocent Flesh on the Bone: Return-into-libc without Function Calls (on the x86)”.

The author claims that x86 code is like English written without punctuation or spaces, so that the words all ru… Continue reading In Return-Oriented Programming how can the machine execute unaligned instructions?

Creating X509 certificate in C using post-quantum public key algorithm?

I’m trying to implement a self signed x509 certificate that uses a post-quantum (PQ) public key algorithm as the public key algorithm. I looked at the openssl library in c, and the way it’s done using RSA. I’m essentially try… Continue reading Creating X509 certificate in C using post-quantum public key algorithm?