How can a credit card processor tell I had a trial with a specific company before if every detail provided is different?

Consider the following scenario: I signed up for a free 7d trial of a $200/y "AI" subscription product (not OpenAi) — provided username and an e-mail address and was forwarded to a Stripe checkout page for card verification.
Whi… Continue reading How can a credit card processor tell I had a trial with a specific company before if every detail provided is different?