How can we confirm with certanty a USB or Harddrive is not infected after reformatting?

Running the following code on a linux machine returns the partition tables and partial config of the hard-drive and USB devices.
fdisk -l

returns
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 238.47 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Disk model: PC300 NVMe… Continue reading How can we confirm with certanty a USB or Harddrive is not infected after reformatting?

How many parts of an average laptop can be compromised? and how to confirm they are not?

The majority of virus/malware is stored and persists on the hard drive, Therefore by formatting the hard drive or re-installing the operating system, the virus is removed.
However, the average laptop also provides other means of infection … Continue reading How many parts of an average laptop can be compromised? and how to confirm they are not?