Debugging HTTP 403 Forbidden when using cURL for mutual authentication SSL (mTLS) [migrated]

I’m a beginner in security but I am trying to send a request to a server through mutual authentication.
I was given

CA pem file
client cert pem file
private key pem file

Right now, I’m trying to establish a connection to the server but i… Continue reading Debugging HTTP 403 Forbidden when using cURL for mutual authentication SSL (mTLS) [migrated]

Web Browser Certificate Enrollment (CSR Generation) and Certificate Download to Smartcard or USB Token

I am developing Web Application for Certifying Authority as a part of which, I need to generate asymmetric key pair – Private Key and Public Key in user’s smartcard through browser, create Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and send CSR to … Continue reading Web Browser Certificate Enrollment (CSR Generation) and Certificate Download to Smartcard or USB Token

How is it guaranteed that a SSL certificate issuer doesn’t issue a fake certificate? [duplicate]

How is it guaranteed that a SSL certificate issuer doesn’t issue cerificates without verifing that the user holds the specified domain name or even that the issuer himself doesn’t issue a certificate to do a MiTM attack ?

Continue reading How is it guaranteed that a SSL certificate issuer doesn’t issue a fake certificate? [duplicate]